The entire top of the volumes are coated in a thick, brown mass. Some of the dust has formed into balls about the size of beetles. When a graduate student picks up one of the volumes, part of the frayed binding falls off. It will be glued back on later.
The Long Room. Scenic, but not hermetically sealed(Credit: Trinity College)
The Long Room in the Old Library at Dublin's Trinity College houses one of the most extensive collections of antique books in the world: it contains about 300,000 volumes as well as a trove of historical documents. (The university's library collection, begun in 1592, contains 4.5 million books in all.) Items include 34 volumes of handwritten depositions taken in 1641 after an uprising against English rule still that historians continue to study to such gems as "Wives, Mothers and Sisters in the Olden Time" by Lady Herbert from 1871.
The vaulting chamber also draws about 600,000 tourists a year, according to Susan Bioletti, who serves as the Keeper of Preservation and Conservation. The oldest Irish harp ever found sits on the main floor. Directly below the Long Room sits the Book of Kells, the 9th century illustrated manuscript, and other ancient books. In a way, the Old Library is the Grand Canyon for bibliophiles.
Unfortunately, a 400-year-old room with lots of large bay windows is also not the ideal place to store old books. If she had her choice, Bioletti jokes that she'd put each of the books into gray boxes. "But you can't turn it into a gray library. People have an emotional attachment to it," she said.
Thus, the university has kicked off an effort to balance the competing interests of preservation and tourism. It is cleaning the books and also trying to figure out ways to prevent environmental degradation in the future. A 2 million euro ($3 million) fundraising campaign has so far netted 900,000.
"I've researched it and I haven't found evidence of a systematic cleanup. Maybe there was one in 19th century," she said.
It's a scientific project with several strands. A geologist, for instance, is analyzing the dust inside the building to figure out where it comes from. Some of it comes from coal dust. Back in the early 1990s, Trinity librarians say the room was often filled with a haze of smoke. Although coal is being faded out in the country, the dust is still there. Carbon can get ingrained in paper and dissolve it.
But the dust also comes from decaying leather book covers, floating paper fibers, the building itself, and clothing worn by visitors. Some also comes in from outside through the decaying window frames.
Spring cleaning revolutionary posters. (Credit: Trinity College)
Bioletti is additionally trying to get funding for more sensors and a doctoral student to study air flow and air quality. Currently, Trinity has only four sensors in place. Data from the sensors will then be inserted into computer simulations to plan any remodeling. Simulations to determine the impact of different types of windows will be examined.
Another group is working on ways to control the environmental damage brought in by visitors. When they come into the room, particularly in large numbers, the levels of moisture, dust, and heat can rise. Some of the ideas include an air wash that would eliminate many fibers or a cooling chamber, which would slightly lower the temperature of visitors. (Cooling visitors, however, would probably be most effective in contained rooms, such as the one housing the Book of Kells.).
Scientists from the University of Cardiff in Wales, meanwhile, are examining the top corners of the pages of the books to determine the damage caused only by dust.
By contrast, the actual business of repairing and restoring the individual volumes is somewhat low tech. Graduate students largely use glue, adhesive strips, and brushes to get rid of the dust and keep the pages together. One book in the restoration lab is being held together with an ordinary Ace bandage. An Italian company makes a machine that can automatically clean books, but it can't be used on older volumes.
So far, academics have catalogued the repairs and cleaning needed for about two-thirds of the books restored a good proportion, said Bioletti.
"Some of the work has been necessarily slow," she said. Nonetheless, "my biggest problem is crunching data," Bioletti added.
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